Feltételes Mód III (Type 3 Conditional)
Alak
A harmadik típusú feltételes mondatok esetén, az 'if' mellékmondatban a befejezett múltat használjuk (past perfect), a fő mondatban pedig vagy a befejezett feltételes múltat (perfect conditional), vagy pedig a folyamatos befejezett feltételes múltat (perfect continuous conditional).
| If clause (feltétel) | Fő mondat (eredmény) |
|---|---|
| If + befejezett múlt | befejezett feltételes múlt vagy folyamatos befejezett feltételes múlt |
| If this thing had happened | that thing would have happened. |
Mint minden feltételes mondatban, ezekben sincs megszabva a mellékmondatok sorrendje. Átrendezheted a névmásokat és megigazíthatod a központozást, amikor megváltoztatod a mellékmondatok sorrendjét, viszont a jelentése ugyanaz marad.
Példák
- If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
- You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
- You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
- If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
- I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
- If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.
Funkció
A harmadik típusú feltételes mód egy lehetetlen, múltbeli állapotra vonatkozik, és ennek a lehetséges, múltbeli eredményére. Ezek a mondatok igazán hipotetikusak és irreálisak, mivel mostmár az állapot vagy ennek az eredménye nem létezhet. Mindig beleértetődik valamilyen szintű megbánás a harmadik típusú feltételes mondatokba. A valóság ellentétben áll azzal, amit a mondat kifejez, vagy pontosan az ellentéte. A harmadik típusú feltételes mód ideje a múlt, a szituáció pedig hipotetikus.
Példák
- If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)
- If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't bake a cake.)
- I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I am not happy.)
A harmadik típusú feltételes mondatokban, használhatsz modális igéket a "would" helyett a fő mondatban. Ezáltal egy adott fokú bizonyosságot, engedélyt, vagy egy javaslatot fejezel ki a kimenetelről.
Példák
- If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
- You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
- If he called you, you could go.
- If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.
Összevonások
Mind a would, mind pedig a had szavakat összevonhatjuk 'd-vé. Ez zavarba hozhat, ha nem tudod még, hogy hogyan használd a harmadik típusú feltételes módot. Jegyezd meg az alábbi két szabályt:
1. A would sosem jelenik meg az "if" mellékmondatban, tehát ha a 'd összevonással találkozol az "if" mellékmondatban, ez biztosan a had rövidítése.
2. A had sosem jelenik meg a have előtt, tehát ha a 'd összevonással találkozol egy névmás után, pontosan a have ige előtt, ez biztosan a would rövidítése..
Példák
- If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
- If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
- I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
- I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
- If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
- If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.
A befejezett feltételes múlt idő (perfect conditional)
Bármilyen igének a feltételes múlt formája három részből áll:
would + have + befejezett melléknévi igenév (past participle)
A have + befejezett melléknévi igenév (past participle) szókapcsolatot használhatjuk más szerkezetekben is. Ezt "perfect infinitive"-nek nevezzük.
| Alany | + would | + have | + befejezett melléknévi igenév |
|---|---|---|---|
| He | would | have | gone |
| They | would | have | stayed |
To Go: befejezett feltételes múlt
| Állító | Tagadó | Kérdő | Kérdő Tagadó |
|---|---|---|---|
| I would have gone | I wouldn't have gone | Would I have gone? | Wouldn't I have gone? |
| You would have gone | You wouldn't have gone | Would you have gone? | Wouldn't you have gone? |
| He would have gone | He wouldn't have gone | Would he have gone? | Wouldn't he have gone? |
| She would have gone | She wouldn't have gone | Would she have gone? | Wouldn't she have gone? |
| We would have gone | We wouldn't have gone | Would we have gone? | Wouldn't we have gone? |
| They would have gone | They wouldn't have gone | Would they have gone? | Wouldn't they have gone? |